The association between adverse cardiovascular outcomes in celiac disease and the role of inflammation: Retrospective analysis using the national inpatient sample.

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disease with patients being prone to a proinflammatory state. With recent studies showing an association between adverse cardiovascular events in patients with CD, we aim to further elucidate this relationship. Furthermore, when risk-stratifying patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic inflammatory conditions such as CD are not included in these calculations. We conducted a retrospective analysis using the National Inpatient Sample database from 2016 to 2019 to investigate the relationship between CD and adverse cardiovascular events. Our secondary endpoints include examining patient demographics, underlying comorbidities, in-hospital mortality, and cost of hospitalization. In addition, we performed a subgroup analysis in the CD cohort to assess if concomitant iron deficiency anemia increased CVD. Our study aims to examine the association between atherosclerosis and inflammation and aims to be a stepping stone for future long-term randomized controlled trials for the incorporation into atherosclerotic CVD risk score stratification.