Red-green mixture thresholds in congenital and acquired color defects.

A color television display was used to measure thresholds for mixtures of red and green on a white background; red and green components could be either incremental, decremental or zero. Ellipses are fitted to a plot of green contrast as a function of red contrast, and it is argued that the length of the ellipse is a measure of red-green color discrimination and the width of the ellipse is a measure of luminance discrimination. It is shown that the technique reliably distinguishes normals from congenital color defectives and also protan from deutan subjects. For some cases of acquired color defects (e.g. optic neuritis), there is a roughly equal loss of color and luminance discrimination whereas, in other cases (e.g., hereditary optic atrophies), the loss of color discrimination is much greater than the loss of luminance discrimination.