Life-threatening hemobilia caused by hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm: a rare complication of chronic cholangitis.

Hemobilia is one of the causes of obscure gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Most cases of hemobilia are of iatrogenic or traumatic origin. Hemobilia caused by a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm due to ascending cholangitis is very rare and its mechanism is unclear. We report a 74-year-old woman with a history of surgery for choledocholithiasis 30 years ago, suffering from a protracted course of life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding. A small intestines series and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed a chronic cholangitis with marked contrast reflux into the biliary tree. Angiography confirmed the bleeding from a pseudoaneurysm of the middle hepatic artery. Coil embolization achieved successful hemostasis. We discussed the mechanism and reviewed the literature.