The Oncogenic LncRNA-PVT1 in colorectal cancer: mechanisms of ceRNA-mediated progression and clinical implications.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with both genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to its initiation and progression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators of tumorigenesis. Among these, plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) has attracted increasing attention due to its oncogenic functions. PVT1 primarily acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), sequestering tumor-suppressive microRNAs to promote cancer progression. Additionally, polymorphisms within the PVT1 locus have been associated with CRC susceptibility and treatment response. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms through which PVT1 contributes to CRC pathogenesis and highlights its clinical potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.