Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis Diagnosis and Management in Germany: Insights From an Expert Consensus Panel.

BACKGROUND

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), a progressive form of MASLD, can lead to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The incidence and burden of MASH in Germany are expected to double by 2030, while diagnostic and management challenges persist. Expert consensus on diagnostic strategies and treatment modalities in MASLD and MASH is required.

OBJECTIVES

The panel aimed to gather insights and consensus on the diagnostic pathway and current treatment modalities for MASH in Germany.

METHODS

A three-round web-based survey, integrating Delphi panel methodology with a standard survey, was conducted from February to May 2024 to reach consensus on predefined questions. The survey involved 12 gastroenterology, diabetology and/or hepatology specialists in Germany.

RESULTS

The Delphi panel revealed that ~75% of MASH patients in Germany remain undiagnosed. Non-invasive measures, such as fibrosis scores (values from clinical and imaging tests to assess fibrosis), liver enzyme tests and liver stiffness measurement, were primary methods for diagnosing and monitoring MASH patients. Lifestyle modifications were the primary management strategy, given the absence of approved pharmacological treatments for MASH. The panel also highlighted significant challenges in managing MASH, including the lack of approved medications and the difficulty in sustaining lifestyle changes.

CONCLUSIONS

The survey underscores the substantial underdiagnosis of MASH and the reliance on non-invasive diagnostic methods in Germany. The lack of approved treatments necessitates a focus on lifestyle modifications and comorbidity management. The Delphi panel's insights call for enhanced screening, early detection and standardised algorithms to improve patient outcomes.