Penicillin treatment for group B streptococcal meningitis in the rhesus monkey.

Penicillin therapy for experimentally produced neonatal meningitis due to intracerebral inoculation of group B streptococci (GBS) was studied in 25 rhesus monkeys. Penicillin was administered either therapeutically to the newborns 3 hours after GBS inoculation or prophylactically as a bolus to the pregnant females 2 hours before delivery. The neonatal mortality in the newborn treatment groups was 40% (6 of 15) compared to 100% (5 of 5) in the maternal prophylaxis group, and 0% (0 of 5) among uninfected and untreated controls. It was concluded that although penicillin can be used successfully to treat neonates with meningitis after intracerebral inoculation of GBS, penicillin given antepartum as bolus prophylaxis to the mother monkey was ineffective.