Management of renal dysfunction in patients receiving a liver transplant.

Renal dysfunction is a frequent complication in patients with endstage liver disease awaiting orthotopic liver transplantation. Although the stereotypical form of renal dysfunction is the hepatorenal syndrome, common causes of acute kidney injury include prerenal azotemia and acute tubular necrosis in this population. Management involves hemodynamic support, renal replacement therapy, and mitigation of risk factors. Renal dysfunction in a cirrhotic patient usually implies a poor prognosis in the absence of liver transplantation. An important issue is the frequent need for kidney, in addition to liver, transplantation if renal insufficiency has been persistent in a decompensated cirrhotic.