Alzheimer's disease in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Current perspectives and genetic insights.

The prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive disorder has markedly risen in recent years. Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands out as the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia among the elderly, featuring progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Although the exact biological causes of AD are complex and multifactorial, genetics is considered a prominent contributor. To date, around 80 genetic loci have been identified, primarily in European ancestry groups, though a considerable portion of AD's genetic architecture remains elusive. Recognizing the impending rise in AD cases, both governmental and private sectors in Saudi Arabia are making efforts to enhance formal care and services for older adults. While few studies have investigated AD-susceptible genes within the Saudi population, further attention is needed to explore the genetic background and identify molecular biomarkers associated with AD. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of AD and recent genetic research in Saudi Arabia.