[Development and application of amplification-free nucleic acid detection in molecular diagnostics].

Amplification-free nucleic acid detection (AF-NAD) is a highly sensitive analytical approach that enables the detection of nucleic acids in samples without the need for amplification. This article reviews three categories of AF-NAD technologies: single-molecule detection technology, enzyme-catalyzed reaction-based detection technology, and hybridization capture-based detection technology, with an emphasis on the performance characteristics of each technology and their applications in fields such as rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases, precision oncology, early screening of genetic diseases, and point-of-care testing (POCT) for public health emergencies. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies are discussed, and their development trends and research directions are explored, providing a reference for the development of faster, simpler, more sensitive, efficient, and low-contamination detection technologies.