Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension with Papilledema.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is becoming an increasingly common health care concern as global obesity rates rise. Physicians need to be familiar with the salient clinical features of this condition to improve the quality of lives of patients, reduce related health care costs, and optimize visual outcomes. The focus of this review is IIH with papilledema, because the potential for vision loss is a dire concern that drives urgency in diagnosis and management. We will discuss potential pathogenic mechanisms, describe the expanding clinical spectrum, highlight emerging diagnostic biomarkers, and explore established and emerging treatment options for people with IIH.