Ubiquitination in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.

Ubiquitination, a key post-translational modification, plays an essential role in tumor biology by regulating fundamental cellular processes, such as metabolism and cell death. Additionally, it interacts with other post-translational modifications, which are closely linked to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, the tumor microenvironment, and the response to therapeutic interventions. Recent advancements in understanding the ubiquitination mechanisms have led to significant breakthroughs, offering novel perspectives and strategies for diagnosing and treating tumors. Here, we provided an overview of how ubiquitination influences tumor biology, focusing on its roles in immune regulation, metabolism, and its interactions with other modifications. We also summarized the clinical potential of targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases as therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment.