Journal of affective disorders · 2018
Increased sensitivity to sad faces in depressive symptomatology: A longitudinal study.
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Nakamura Anna, Takizawa Ryu, Shimoyama Haruhiko
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Negative bias to sad emotional stimuli has repeatedly been identified as a cognitive feature of major depressive disorder, particularly in facial expression recognition. However, it is unknown how negative bias applies to facial expression recognition in individuals with depressive symptoms.
METHODS: A total of 58 university students' facial expression recognition and depression scores were measured using facial stimuli displaying the whole face, with 39 participants completing a 3-month follow-up assessment of depressive symptoms. We used an index that differentiates sensitivity to sadness from sensitivity to general facial expressions. Participants gave written informed consent after a complete description of the study.
RESULTS: The group with higher depressive symptoms showed a higher sensitivity to sadness than those with lower depressive symptoms, indicating a relationship between negative bias in facial expression recognition and nonclinical depressive symptoms. From a longitudinal point of view, negative bias to sad expressions at one time point was found to predict the change in depression scores at the 3-month follow-up.
LIMITATIONS: Since the participants included only college students, the generalizability of our results to other populations is limited. The three-month interval may not be sufficient to determine the prognosis of depression, suggesting the need for further replications.
DISCUSSION: This study was the first to report the negative bias of facial expression recognition in individuals with nonclinical depressive symptoms. Given that negative bias predicts present and future depression, facial expression recognition has the potential to be used as a screening tool for early detection of depression.
METHODS: A total of 58 university students' facial expression recognition and depression scores were measured using facial stimuli displaying the whole face, with 39 participants completing a 3-month follow-up assessment of depressive symptoms. We used an index that differentiates sensitivity to sadness from sensitivity to general facial expressions. Participants gave written informed consent after a complete description of the study.
RESULTS: The group with higher depressive symptoms showed a higher sensitivity to sadness than those with lower depressive symptoms, indicating a relationship between negative bias in facial expression recognition and nonclinical depressive symptoms. From a longitudinal point of view, negative bias to sad expressions at one time point was found to predict the change in depression scores at the 3-month follow-up.
LIMITATIONS: Since the participants included only college students, the generalizability of our results to other populations is limited. The three-month interval may not be sufficient to determine the prognosis of depression, suggesting the need for further replications.
DISCUSSION: This study was the first to report the negative bias of facial expression recognition in individuals with nonclinical depressive symptoms. Given that negative bias predicts present and future depression, facial expression recognition has the potential to be used as a screening tool for early detection of depression.