Update on paraproteinemic neuropathy.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews recent clinical updates and research on the evaluation and management of patients with peripheral neuropathy in association with monoclonal gammopathies.

RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have elucidated pathogenic mechanisms of IgM paraprotein associated neuropathies, including nodal and paranodal targets and complement mediated processes, suggesting novel therapeutic targets. New chemotherapeutic regimens have improved outcomes and neurotoxic side effect profiles in the treatment of patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis and POEMS syndrome. Establishing when a monoclonal gammopathy is causative of a peripheral neuropathy remains a clinical challenge. New therapeutic drugs for treatment of IgM paraprotein associated neuropathies show promise. Identifying AL amyloidosis and POEMS early in patients presenting with neuropathy are important. Clinical phenotyping and antibody testing are critical to evaluating patients with paraproteins and peripheral neuropathy.