Evidence of circulating donor genetic material in bone allotransplantation.

Musculoskeletal allotransplantion is the most common form of human tissue transplantation. Unlike solid organ transplants, bone allotransplants undergo rigorous processing and are considered non-viable tissue. In this study, we propose that donor genetic material may exist in circulation after bone allotransplantation. Fifty-one female patients who received bone allotransplants from male donors were assessed. Blood plasma samples were analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with dual labeled fluorogenic probes for the presence of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome. Of the total 51 patients, the SRY sequence was detected in 6 patients. Five were positive at day 1 postoperatively and negative thereafter, with the remaining patient positive at 3 months post-transplantation. Our results document, for the first time, the presence of donor DNA in the circulation of recipients after bone allotransplantation. Our findings suggest a potential new investigative tool to assess the postoperative status of bone allotransplants.