PeerJ · 2023
Evolutionary insights on critically endangered Kashmir red deer or hangul (Cervus hanglu hanglu) through a mitogenomic lens.
СтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Ahmad Khursheed, Shankar Pacha Ankit, Yahya Naqash Rashid, Kumar Peddamma Sathish, Yellapu Srinivas, Hudson Shenu, Singh Baghel Dushyant, Nigam Parag, Mondol Samrat
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The Kashmir red deer or Hangul (Cervus hanglu hanglu) is the only Tarim red deer species endemic to India. With a current estimated population size of fewer than 200 individuals, this critically endangered species is confined to the greater Dachigam landscape in Jammu and Kashmir. Poaching, habitat loss and fragmentation, resource competition with livestock, and small population size are the major conservation challenges for this species.
METHODS: Blood sampling was conducted from two wild Hangul individuals during radio-collaring operations at Dachigam National Park, Kashmir in 2013 and 2020, respectively. Using next-generation sequencing approach, we sequenced the 16,351 bp long mitogenome of two wild-caught Hangul individuals (1 M:1 F at ~14× and ~10× coverage, respectively) from Dachigam National Park.
RESULTS: The annotated sequences were identical with an AT-rich composition, including 13 protein-coding genes (11,354 bp), 22 tRNA genes (1,515 bp), two ribosomal genes (2,526 bp) and a non-coding control region (917 bp) in a conserved order like other red deer species. Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction of the red deer complex revealed two major groups: the elaphoid and the wapitoid clades. Hangul formed a distinct clade with its other subspecies C. hanglu yarkandensis and is sister to the Hungarian red deer (C. elaphus hippelaphus). Divergence time analyses suggested that the Tarim deer species group separated ~1.55 Mya from their common ancestors and Hangul diverged ~0.75 Mya from closely related C. yarkandensis, corroborating with the known paleobiogeographic events related to refugia during glaciations in the Pleistocene era. This study provides baseline information on Hangul mitogenome for further research on phylogeography and other population parameters and helps in developing suitable conservation plans for this species.
METHODS: Blood sampling was conducted from two wild Hangul individuals during radio-collaring operations at Dachigam National Park, Kashmir in 2013 and 2020, respectively. Using next-generation sequencing approach, we sequenced the 16,351 bp long mitogenome of two wild-caught Hangul individuals (1 M:1 F at ~14× and ~10× coverage, respectively) from Dachigam National Park.
RESULTS: The annotated sequences were identical with an AT-rich composition, including 13 protein-coding genes (11,354 bp), 22 tRNA genes (1,515 bp), two ribosomal genes (2,526 bp) and a non-coding control region (917 bp) in a conserved order like other red deer species. Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction of the red deer complex revealed two major groups: the elaphoid and the wapitoid clades. Hangul formed a distinct clade with its other subspecies C. hanglu yarkandensis and is sister to the Hungarian red deer (C. elaphus hippelaphus). Divergence time analyses suggested that the Tarim deer species group separated ~1.55 Mya from their common ancestors and Hangul diverged ~0.75 Mya from closely related C. yarkandensis, corroborating with the known paleobiogeographic events related to refugia during glaciations in the Pleistocene era. This study provides baseline information on Hangul mitogenome for further research on phylogeography and other population parameters and helps in developing suitable conservation plans for this species.