AIDS (London, England) · 2025
HIV-1 infection recency among individuals newly diagnosed with HIV in Greater Gaborone, Botswana.
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Moraka Natasha O, Ralegoreng Charity, Lemogang Goitseone M, Makwakwa Richard, Pema Marea N, Mokgethi Patrick T, Choga Ontlametse T, Gobe Irene, Mokomane Margaret, Maruapula Dorcas, Moutswi Salang T, Rabatoko Laone, Leteemane Queen, Strachan-Amaro Vanessa, Sabone Phenyo, Mohammed Terence, Moyo Sikhulile, Gaseitsiwe Simani
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: We characterized individuals with HIV type 1 (HIV-1) recent infection using a two-step recent infection testing algorithm (RITA) in recently diagnosed, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive individuals within the Greater Gaborone area in Botswana.
DESIGN: Plasma samples from a prospective longitudinal cohort study of individuals recently diagnosed with HIV within the Greater Gaborone area (2023-2024), the Tekodiso study, were used.
METHODS: Recent infection classification was determined using Limiting Antigen Avidity (LAg-avidity), as well as HIV viral load greater than 1000 copies/ml. LAg-normalized optical density (ODn) 1.5 or less represented a recency window of within 130 days postinfection. HIV viral load in plasma was quantified by Abbott m2000sp/Abbott m2000rt.
RESULTS: A total of 157 participants were included in this analysis. Median age at enrolment was 34 years (Q1, Q3: 27, 41), and majority 102 (65%) were female. The median log 10 HIV viral load was 4.6 copies/ml (Q1, Q3: 3.9, 5.2). A total of 12 of 157: 7.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.0-13] individuals were classified as having a recent infection. Recent infection was not associated with age, employment status, or nationality. We observed a lower likelihood of recent HIV infection with secondary or higher education level (OR = 0.1; 95% CI: 0.1- 0.9).
CONCLUSION: We report a 7.6% rate of HIV recent infection by LAg-based RITA in recently diagnosed ART-naive individuals in Botswana. Our results highlight the need for continued HIV infection surveillance to improve targeted interventions for the prevention of HIV acquisition within the country.
DESIGN: Plasma samples from a prospective longitudinal cohort study of individuals recently diagnosed with HIV within the Greater Gaborone area (2023-2024), the Tekodiso study, were used.
METHODS: Recent infection classification was determined using Limiting Antigen Avidity (LAg-avidity), as well as HIV viral load greater than 1000 copies/ml. LAg-normalized optical density (ODn) 1.5 or less represented a recency window of within 130 days postinfection. HIV viral load in plasma was quantified by Abbott m2000sp/Abbott m2000rt.
RESULTS: A total of 157 participants were included in this analysis. Median age at enrolment was 34 years (Q1, Q3: 27, 41), and majority 102 (65%) were female. The median log 10 HIV viral load was 4.6 copies/ml (Q1, Q3: 3.9, 5.2). A total of 12 of 157: 7.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.0-13] individuals were classified as having a recent infection. Recent infection was not associated with age, employment status, or nationality. We observed a lower likelihood of recent HIV infection with secondary or higher education level (OR = 0.1; 95% CI: 0.1- 0.9).
CONCLUSION: We report a 7.6% rate of HIV recent infection by LAg-based RITA in recently diagnosed ART-naive individuals in Botswana. Our results highlight the need for continued HIV infection surveillance to improve targeted interventions for the prevention of HIV acquisition within the country.