[In vivo Meibomian gland imaging techniques: A review of the literature (French translation of the article)].

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) encompasses a group of complex pathologies of the ocular surface. They represent one of the main etiologies of dry eye but also one of the leading causes of consultation in ophthalmology. Conventional clinical tests (dry eye symptoms, tear film rupture time, glandular expressiveness assessment, or Schirmer's test) allow only an indirect assessment of Meibomian gland function and physiology. Various in vivo investigation methods have therefore been developed to image the meibomian glands such as meibography, optical coherence tomography, ultrasound or in vivo confocal microscopy. Some are accessible in clinical practice, while others remain in the field of clinical research. All these techniques aim to develop a direct structural analysis of the Meibomian glands to help in the diagnosis of DGM but also to better understand the pathophysiology of Meibomian glands. This review of the literature aims to provide an overview of existing imaging modalities and their interest in the evaluation of Meibomian glands and MGD.