Marine actinobacterium Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus mediated nano-selenium: biosynthesis and biomedical activities.

BACKGROUND: Biogenic Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) have been receiving more attention, primarily due to their remarkable biomedical potential. This study was designed to biosynthesize Se-NPs using marine actinobacterium Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus AMG31 metabolites and comprehensively evaluate their multifunctional biomedical applications. METHODS: The actinobacterial biofabricated Se-NPs were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, TEM, EDX, DLS, and zeta potential. Se-NPs were then evaluated for their biomedical applications, including antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, TAC, and FRAP assays), wound healing (scratch assay on HFB4 cell line), hemocompatibility, anticancer (crystal violet viability assay), antidiabetic (α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition), antimicrobial (agar well diffusion and MIC/MBC/MFC determination), antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory properties (COX-enzymes in vitro inhibition). RESULTS: Formed Se-NPs exhibited crystalline, stable, and spherical structures with sizes ranging from 20 to 80 nm and a negative zeta potential of -37.9 mV. Se-NPs exhibited potent antioxidant activity, achieving 86.7% DPPH scavenging, 84.6% ABTS scavenging, a TAC value of 965.967 µg/mg ascorbic acid equivalent, and a FRAP value of 727.667 µg/mg ascorbic acid equivalent. Se-NPs promoted enhanced wound healing, with a wound closure percentage of 73.6% at 209.87 µg mL–1. Se-NPs displayed selective cytotoxicity towards Caco-2 (IC50 = 102.5 µg mL–1) and PANC-1 (IC50 = 100.4 µg mL–1) cancer cells while exhibiting minimal toxicity against normal WI-38 fibroblasts (IC50 = 419.7 µg mL–1). Furthermore, Se-NPs demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of α-amylase (IC50 = 59.8 µg mL–1) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 19.3 µg mL–1), suggesting antidiabetic potential. Nano-selenium exhibited promising antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (MIC = 25 µg mL–1, MFC = 200 µg mL–1), Penicillium glabrum (MIC = 50 µg mL–1, MFC = 200 µg mL–1), Mucor circinelloides (MIC = 100 µg mL–1, MFC = 300 µg mL–1), Trichoderma harzianum (MIC = 100 µg mL–1, MFC = 200 µg mL–1), and Candida albicans (MIC = 12.5 µg mL–1, MFC = 50 µg mL–1 and 95.4% biofilm inhibition). Moreover, nanostructure showed antibacterial activity most effectively against Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 25 µg mL–1, MBC = 50 µg mL–1) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 50 µg mL–1, MBC = 50 µg mL–1) with over 90% inhibition of biofilm formation. Finally, the nano-selenium structure showed potent inhibitory action against COX-1 (IC50 = 30.9 µg mL–1) and COX-2 (IC50 = 46.6 µg mL–1). CONCLUSION: The obtained results confirmed the efficacy of marine actinobacterium S. vinaceusdrappus metabolites to fabricate Se-NPs which exhibits broad spectrum biomedical activities including antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetics, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities.