Skin toxicity of topically applied nanoparticles.

Nowadays, nanoproducts have found numerous applications, allowing them to enter the human body in different ways. Skin is a major body organ that acts as the first-line barrier between the internal organs and external environment. Although the inhalation and ingestion of nanoparticles is more dangerous compared with skin exposure, there are noteworthy information gaps in skin exposure to nanoparticles that need much attention. Despite the few reviews in the literature on the cytotoxic effects of nanoparticles, no research has reviewed the clinical side effects of nanoparticles following topical admonition, including skin inflammation, skin cancer and genetic toxicity.