A rare case of meningioma recurrence on a titanium mesh cranioplasty.

Cranioplasty with titanium mesh provides a stable and cosmetically sound option for the correction of extensive skull bone defects following trauma or tumour surgery with osseous involvement. Meningiomas are for the most part benign lesions that are amenable to surgical cure, however lesions with extradural extension pose additional challenges not only due to increased technical difficulty in achieving gross total resection but also because of distinct biological behaviour. We describe the case of a 43-years-old woman that had been submitted to gross total resection of a WHO grade I falcine and superior sagittal sinus secretory meningioma with extradural and bone extension and cranioplasty with a titanium mesh who had a recurrence 4 years later as two tumour masses on top of the titanium mesh with no adjacent soft tissue invasion, and without dural involvement. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of meningioma growth on top of titanium cranioplasty material. Seeded or incompletely removed tumoral cells might have exploited the biocompatibility of titanium to promote tumour regrowth.