Early childhood myoclonic epilepsy: An independent genetic generalized epilepsy with myoclonic seizures as the main seizure type.

OBJECTIVE

To elucidate the characteristics of the myoclonic seizures alone, or predominant myoclonus combined with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and/or absences, in early childhood, and discuss its classification.

METHODS

Forty-two children were retrospectively recruited between January 2006 and June 2015.

RESULTS

The mean age of seizure onset was 40.5months. They were divided into 4 groups: myoclonic seizures alone; predominant myoclonus combined with GTCS; predominant myoclonus combined with absences; predominant myoclonus combined with both GTCS and absences. Interictal EEG showed generalized spike- or polyspike-wave discharges at 2-4Hz. Seizures were controlled in 22 patients at a mean age of 60.5months. The psychomotor development was normal (30/37) or mildly delayed (7/37).

CONCLUSIONS

We reported a cohort of patients with early childhood myoclonic epilepsy (ECME), with the following characteristics: Seizures started below 5years old in otherwise normal children; Seizure types included myoclonic seizures alone or combined with GTCS and/or absences; Febrile or afebrile GTCS might appear firstly; Interictal EEG showed generalized spike- or polyspike-wave; Seizures usually were in remission before adolescence with normal development or mild cognitive or behavioral deficits in most.

SIGNIFICANCE: ECME might be an independent epileptic syndrome not established by International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) previously.