[Usefulness of routine investigation of fungal infections through bronchoscopy in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected patients in a general hospital, reference to AIDS].

The diagnostic yields and the spectrum of pulmonary fungal-infection obtained in samples collected by fiberoptic bronchoscopy from HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients were evaluated from 1990 to 1995. A total of 1943 bronchoscopies were performed during this period, 47% in the HIV-positive group and 53% in the HIV-negative group. Of 908 HIV-positive patients, 38 (4%) had a fungus isolated from the pulmonary sample whereas of 1035 HIV-negative patients, only 4 (0.2%) had a fungus isolated. Histoplasmosis and Cryptococcosis were more frequently found in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative patients (p < 0.001). Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was found in only 3 patients, all of them immunocompetent. The study demonstrated that, despite the low yields, the HIV-positive group may benefit from routine screening for fungal elements in specimens obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.