The therapeutic dilemma in pre-transplant asymptomatic aspergilloma: A case report and review of literature.

Aspergillus species are ubiquitous, and inhalation of infectious conidia is not so uncommon. With immunosuppression, it can invade adjacent structures and lead to widespread invasive disease. There is no randomized, prospective trial for optimized treatment including the antifungal and surgical approach for aspergilloma. The available literature related to the management of asymptomatic aspergilloma in pre-renal transplant setting is scarce and debatable. Opinion favoring surgery is that it is necessary to eliminate the fungus reservoir before transplantation because of the inadequacy of pharmacological fungus control measures in immunocompromised patients. We present a case of end-stage renal disease that was planned for renal transplantation and during the workup, was detected to have asymptomatic right upper lobe aspergilloma. He underwent surgical resection of the aspergilloma before undergoing successful renal transplantation. In this case report, we will discuss this case and controversies related to its management before undergoing successful renal transplantation.