[Achievements of S. N. Fyodorov's school in the field of keratoplasty and cornea replacement].

Reduction in corneal transparence leading to the loss of sight may be caused by different factors, such as eye burns and injuries, keratitis, corneal ulcers, primary and secondary dystrophy, keratoconus, and keratoglobus. In many cases, keratoplasty presents an effective treatment. S. N. Fyodorov made a great contribution to the development of cornea replacement. This was him who placed the entire ophthalmology, including keratoplasty, at the microsurgical level, suggested the use of large-diameter grafts, and was the initiator of establishing the first Eye Tissue Bank. Perfection of microsurgical technique, selection and protection of the graft, as well as new approaches to pre- and postoperation therapy have provided transparent engrafting in 35 to 95%. Presently, Eye Microsurgery Complex is the only Russian institution where the problem of cornea replacement is being worked out as a scientific and practical issue. Three models of keratoprosthesis have been developed: Fyodorov-Zuyev model for implantation into a burn leukoma, Moroz-Glazko model for implantation into a dystrophic leukoma, and a "grid" for implantation into a leukoma of any etiology.