Advances in chronic subdural hematoma and membrane imaging.

Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is projected to become the most common cranial neurosurgical disease by 2030. Despite medical and surgical management, recurrence rates remain high. Recently, middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) has emerged as a promising treatment; however, determinants of disease recurrence are not well understood, and developing novel radiographic biomarkers to assess hematomas and cSDH membranes remains an active area of research. In this narrative review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art for subdural hematoma and membrane imaging and discuss the potential role of MR and dual-energy CT imaging in predicting cSDH recurrence, surgical planning, and selecting patients for embolization treatment.