First detection of vanA positive Enterococcus faecium clonal complex 17 in hospital wastewater in Algeria: an epidemiological report.

Enterococcus spp. are Gram-positive cocci that are recognised as critical opportunistic pathogens, especially in immunocompromised patients. Vancomycin is considered as the drug of last resort for the treatment of infections caused by Enterococcus species, making vancomycin resistance a serious public health concern. In this article, we report the first environmental vanA positive Enterococcus faecium isolates in Algeria. The strains were selectively isolated from hospital wastewater and then identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method. Vancomycin resistance genes were searched for by standard PCR and the clonal relatedness of our isolates was investigated by multilocus sequence typing. A total of five highly vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive bacteria were isolated and identified as Enterococcus faecium. The isolates harboured the vanA gene and were assigned to the clonal complex 17. Our findings confirm the great potential of hospital wastewater as a reservoir and dissemination pathway of multidrug resistant organisms, and alert to the need for better regulation of hospital waste management in order to reduce their impact on the environment.