BMC microbiology · 2025
Co-resistance and plasmid-mediated co-dissemination of florfenicol and azithromycin resistance in non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from cattle in Xinjiang, China.
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Wang Lei, Lan Xueqin, Bai Yixin, Huang Ying, Jin Wanjing, Zhang Mengfei, Zheng Xiaofeng, Zhang Yi, Du Xiaoli, Liu Yingyu, Ma Xuelian, Geng Mingyang, Su Zhanqiang, Xie Jinxin, Tong Panpan
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Florfenicol is a critical antibiotic used in cattle to manage respiratory infections, while azithromycin is recommended for treating early-stage Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections. This study focused on examining the co-resistance and mechanisms of co-dissemination of resistance to florfenicol and azithromycin in 367 non-O157 STEC strains isolated from cattle in Xinjiang between 2015 and 2023.
RESULTS: Among these isolates, 16.3% showed resistance, with drug resistance rates ranging from 5.4 to 10.6% for tetracycline, ampicillin, cefotaxime, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, florfenicol, aztreonam, azithromycin, gentamicin, ceftazidime, and piperacillin. Resistance to cefepime, ampicillin-sulbactam, amikacin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and piperacillin-tazobactam was lower, varying from 0.3 to 3.5%. Notably, 9.0% (n = 33) isolates exhibited multiple drug resistance, while 8.4% (n = 31) were resistant to florfenicol and/or azithromycin. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that resistance genes floR and/or mph(A) were transferred to the recipient strain Escherichia coli J53, leading to phenotypic resistance to florfenicol and/or azithromycin in the transconjugants. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of STEC W24 identified that floR and mph(A) were located on a 77,016 bp IncA/C type plasmid, designated as W24-floR-mph(A). A genetic structure with three IS26 and one IS6100 sequences flanking the multi-drug resistance region was detected, including two IS26 copies adjacent to floR, tet(A), aph(6)-Id_1, aph(3'')-Ib_5, sul2 and mph(A).
CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the presence of florfenicol and azithromycin resistance in bovine non-O157 STEC in Xinjiang, with floR and mph(A) genes residing on plasmids capable of horizontal transfer. Plasmids, transposons, and insertion sequences may mediate the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes.
RESULTS: Among these isolates, 16.3% showed resistance, with drug resistance rates ranging from 5.4 to 10.6% for tetracycline, ampicillin, cefotaxime, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, florfenicol, aztreonam, azithromycin, gentamicin, ceftazidime, and piperacillin. Resistance to cefepime, ampicillin-sulbactam, amikacin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and piperacillin-tazobactam was lower, varying from 0.3 to 3.5%. Notably, 9.0% (n = 33) isolates exhibited multiple drug resistance, while 8.4% (n = 31) were resistant to florfenicol and/or azithromycin. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that resistance genes floR and/or mph(A) were transferred to the recipient strain Escherichia coli J53, leading to phenotypic resistance to florfenicol and/or azithromycin in the transconjugants. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of STEC W24 identified that floR and mph(A) were located on a 77,016 bp IncA/C type plasmid, designated as W24-floR-mph(A). A genetic structure with three IS26 and one IS6100 sequences flanking the multi-drug resistance region was detected, including two IS26 copies adjacent to floR, tet(A), aph(6)-Id_1, aph(3'')-Ib_5, sul2 and mph(A).
CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the presence of florfenicol and azithromycin resistance in bovine non-O157 STEC in Xinjiang, with floR and mph(A) genes residing on plasmids capable of horizontal transfer. Plasmids, transposons, and insertion sequences may mediate the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes.