Expression Levels of the Tnni3k Gene in the Heart Are Highly Associated with Cardiac and Glucose Metabolism-Related Phenotypes and Functional Pathways.

BACKGROUND

Troponin-I interacting kinase encoded by the TNNI3K gene is expressed in nuclei and Z-discs of cardiomyocytes. Mutations in TNNI3K were identified in patients with cardiac conduction diseases, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy.

METHODS

We performed cardiac gene expression, whole genome sequencing (WGS), and cardiac function analysis in 40 strains of BXD recombinant inbred mice derived from C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) strains. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) mapping and gene enrichment analysis was performed, followed by validation of candidate Tnni3k-regulatory genes.

RESULTS

WGS identified compound splicing and missense T659I Tnni3k variants in the D2 parent and some BXD strains (D allele) and these strains had significantly lower Tnni3k expression than those carrying wild-type Tnni3k (B allele). Expression levels of Tnni3k significantly correlated with multiple cardiac (heart rate, wall thickness, PR duration, and T amplitude) and metabolic (glucose levels and insulin resistance) phenotypes in BXDs. A significant cis-eQTL on chromosome 3 was identified for the regulation of Tnni3k expression. Furthermore, Tnni3k-correlated genes were primarily involved in cardiac and glucose metabolism-related functions and pathways. Genes Nodal, Gnas, Nfkb1, Bmpr2, Bmp7, Smad7, Acvr1b, Acvr2b, Chrd, Tgfb3, Irs1, and Ppp1cb were differentially expressed between the B and D alleles.

CONCLUSIONS

Compound splicing and T659I Tnni3k variants reduce cardiac Tnni3k expression and Tnni3k levels are associated with cardiac and glucose metabolism-related phenotypes.