Rifabutin Loaded Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles: Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats.

Diabetes mellitus characterizes a key universal health concern associated with severe metabolic complications. In this current study, a biogenic approach was employed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using rifabutin as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The resulting Rifabutin-AgNPs were thoroughly characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confirming their crystalline nature and functional group interactions responsible for nanoparticle stabilization. The antidiabetic potential of the synthesized Rifabutin-AgNPs was evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of Rifabutin-AgNPs (5 and 10 mg/kg) for 14 days produced a significant, dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose levels, improved serum lipid profiles, and normalized hepatic transaminase (SGOT and SGPT) activities compared with untreated diabetic controls. The superior therapeutic efficacy of Rifabutin-AgNPs over pure rifabutin highlights the potential of this green synthesized nanoformulation as an efficient platform for diabetes management at the chemical biological interface.