BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2019
Adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factor levels between individuals with pre-diabetes and normal glucose metabolism are more pronounced in women than in men: the Maastricht Study.
СтатьяНаблюдательное исследованиеПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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de Ritter Rianneke, Sep Simone J S, van der Kallen Carla J H, Schram Miranda T, Koster Annemarie, Kroon Abraham A, van Greevenbroek Marleen M J, Eussen Simone J P M, Dagnelie Pieter C, de Jong Marit, Vos Rimke C, Woodward Mark, Bots Michiel L, Peters Sanne A E, Stehouwer Coen D A
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether adverse differences in levels of cardiovascular risk factors in women than men, already established when comparing individuals with and without diabetes, are also present before type 2 diabetes onset.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In a population-based cohort study of individuals aged 40-75 years (n=3410; 49% women, 29% type 2 diabetes (oversampled by design)), we estimated associations with cardiometabolic and lifestyle risk factors of (1) pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes (reference category: normal glucose metabolism) and (2) among non-diabetic individuals, of continuous levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Age-adjusted sex differences were analyzed using linear and logistic regression models with sex interaction terms.
RESULTS: In pre-diabetes, adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factors were greater in women than men for systolic blood pressure (difference, 3.02 mm Hg; 95% CI:-0.26 to 6.30), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (difference, -0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.18 to -0.02), total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (difference, 0.22; 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.44), triglycerides (ratio: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.22), and inflammation markers Z-score (ratio: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.41). In type 2 diabetes, these sex differences were similar in direction, and of greater magnitude. Additionally, HbA1c among non-diabetic individuals was more strongly associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors in women than men: per one per cent point increase, systolic blood pressure (difference, 3.58 mm Hg; 95% CI: -0.03 to 7.19), diastolic blood pressure (difference, 2.10 mm Hg; 95% CI: -0.02 to 4.23), HDL cholesterol (difference, -0.09 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.19 to 0.00), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (difference, 0.26 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.47). With regard to lifestyle risk factors, no consistent pattern was observed.
CONCLUSION: Our results are consistent with the concept that the more adverse changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in women (than men) arise as a continuous process before the onset of type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In a population-based cohort study of individuals aged 40-75 years (n=3410; 49% women, 29% type 2 diabetes (oversampled by design)), we estimated associations with cardiometabolic and lifestyle risk factors of (1) pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes (reference category: normal glucose metabolism) and (2) among non-diabetic individuals, of continuous levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Age-adjusted sex differences were analyzed using linear and logistic regression models with sex interaction terms.
RESULTS: In pre-diabetes, adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factors were greater in women than men for systolic blood pressure (difference, 3.02 mm Hg; 95% CI:-0.26 to 6.30), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (difference, -0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.18 to -0.02), total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (difference, 0.22; 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.44), triglycerides (ratio: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.22), and inflammation markers Z-score (ratio: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.41). In type 2 diabetes, these sex differences were similar in direction, and of greater magnitude. Additionally, HbA1c among non-diabetic individuals was more strongly associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors in women than men: per one per cent point increase, systolic blood pressure (difference, 3.58 mm Hg; 95% CI: -0.03 to 7.19), diastolic blood pressure (difference, 2.10 mm Hg; 95% CI: -0.02 to 4.23), HDL cholesterol (difference, -0.09 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.19 to 0.00), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (difference, 0.26 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.47). With regard to lifestyle risk factors, no consistent pattern was observed.
CONCLUSION: Our results are consistent with the concept that the more adverse changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in women (than men) arise as a continuous process before the onset of type 2 diabetes.
Предметные рубрики MeSH
BiomarkersBlood GlucoseBlood PressureBody Mass IndexCardiovascular DiseasesCase-Control StudiesCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlycated HemoglobinHumansLife StyleMaleMiddle AgedPrediabetic StatePrognosisProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSex FactorsTriglycerides