Molecular modeling and phenoloxidase inhibitory activity of arbutin and arbutin undecylenic acid ester.

Excessive melanin formation has been linked to various skin disorders such as hyperpigmentation and skin cancer. Tyrosinase is the most prominent target for inhibitors of melanin production. In this study, we investigated whether arbutin and its prodrug, arbutin undecylenic acid ester, might inhibit phenoloxidase (PO), a tyrosinase-like enzyme. Molecular docking simulation results suggested that arbutin and arbutin undecylenic acid ester can bind to the substrate-binding pocket of PO. Arbutin undecylenic acid ester with an IC50 6.34 mM was effective to inhibit PO compared to arbutin (IC50 29.42 mM). In addition, arbutin undecylenic acid ester showed low cytotoxicity in Drosophila S2 cells and the compound inhibited the melanization reaction. Therefore, the results of this study have demonstrated that arbutin undecylenic acid ester as a potential inhibitor of PO. We successfully designed a new platform utilizing Drosophila melanogaster and Bombyx mori as animal models propounding fast, cheap, and high effectiveness in method to screen tyrosinase inhibitors.