Side effects of systemic cyclosporine in patients not undergoing transplantation.

Twenty-six patients with ocular inflammatory disorders of presumed autoimmune origin were treated with oral cyclosporine. Cyclosporine is a potent T cell regulatory agent that has been utilized extensively in organ transplantation. In general, the patients in this study did not have chronic debilitating illnesses that are observed in organ transplant recipients, did not receive corticosteroids in addition to cyclosporine, and did not undergo any surgical procedure during their treatment. This study describes the observed adverse reactions in this group of patients not undergoing transplantation. The reported side effects of cyclosporine in organ transplant recipients have included nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, infections, lymphoma, hirsutism, gingivitis, and central nervous system toxicity. Side effects were observed that were similar to those in previous reports, but the severity of the nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity appeared to be less. Nephrotoxicity occurred in eight patients and hepatotoxicity occurred in one patient. No lymphomas were seen. Hypertension and anemia each were observed in six patients. In addition, previously unreported effects of hyperuricemia, elevated sedimentation rate, and hidradenitis were observed. However, the overall severity of the side effects did not seriously affect the usage of cyclosporine in the patients in this study. Cyclosporine may be useful in the treatment of other autoimmune diseases.