Organoids Models of Pancreatic Duct Adenocarcinoma.

Three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture is a laboratory technique used to grow and study miniature organs that mimic the structure and function of real organs in the human body. Organoids are created from stem cells or tissue samples and are grown in a 3D matrix that allows them to self-organize into a complex, three-dimensional structure. Organoids are valuable tools for studying human biology and disease, including cancer. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) still has the worst survival rate of common malignancies, despite recent advances in cancer treatment. Preclinical studies have shown that impaired cell death pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and alkaliptosis, promote PDAC development. Organoid models are now widely used in the study of pancreatic cancer biology, including cell death machinery. This chapter provides step-by-step protocols for generating human or mice PDAC organoids in a 3D Matrigel system.