Modifiable Psychological Factors are Associated With Clusters of Pain, Fatigue, Fecal Incontinence, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Type Symptoms in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Latent Profile Analysis.

BACKGROUND

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) causes fatigue, pain, and fecal urgency/incontinence symptoms. Identifying symptom profile subgroups and related psychological correlates might enable earlier intervention and more effective tailored treatment pathways.

METHODS

This study was nested within a randomized controlled trial of a digital symptom intervention for people with IBD (n = 780). Latent profile analysis was conducted on pre-randomization baseline measures of fatigue, pain, and fecal incontinence. Multinominal logistic regression examined associations between profile membership and clinical, demographic and psychological factors.

RESULTS

Latent profile analysis determined a three-profile model: Moderate (50%), High (40%), and Severe symptoms (10%). Diagnosis and fecal calprotectin were not associated with profile membership, but female gender, comorbidity, time since diagnosis, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-type symptoms were associated with High and Severe symptoms profiles. Depression, anxiety, negative symptom perceptions, all-or-nothing and avoidance behaviors significantly increased the relative risk of High and Severe symptoms profile membership.

CONCLUSIONS

Many participants experienced symptoms even when deemed to be in clinical remission. After controlling for clinical, inflammatory, and demographic factors, the relative risk of High or Severe symptom profile membership was associated with potentially modifiable cognitive behavioral factors. These factors were also associated with IBS-type symptoms. Recognizing the potential impact of cognitive behavioral factors in exacerbating symptoms can lead to earlier identification of patients who require support and allows treatment plans to be tailored more precisely. The findings from this study promote a more integrated approach to IBD management, combining medical treatment with cognitive behavioral interventions to enhance patient care and improve outcomes.