Parenteral nutrition.

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is an exciting therapeutic intervention for the critically ill patient, as well as for the patient with permanent small bowel dysfunction requiring long-term nutrition support. It is a unique and complex modality with associated risks and complications if improperly prescribed or carelessly administered. Nurses must play a vital role in supporting optimal response to parenteral therapy and minimizing complications. This article reviews the following key issues related to TPN therapy that nurses must understand: macronutrient and micronutrient components of TPN, indications and rationale for use, and proper administration techniques.