Laparoscopic rectal surgery: rectal cancer, pelvic pouch surgery, and rectal prolapse.

With the increasing popularity of minimally invasive approaches to surgery, laparoscopic techniques are being applied increasingly to more complex procedures. Surgeons who are interested in gaining skill and confidence with the techniques of rectal mobilization and resection initially should consider attempting procedures for benign disease. Patients who have rectal prolapse, who often have wide, accommodating pelvic anatomy, are the logical choice with whom to begin the laparoscopic rectal experience. Laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy is more technically challenging. Laparoscopic proctectomy for rectal cancer probably should remain in the hands of well-trained, high-volume, experienced surgeons who have built a dedicated team for treatment of these patients, and who track their outcomes prospectively.