Research Progress on the Application of Ultrasound Assistance in Tumor Immunotherapy.

Recently, ultrasound (US)-assisted tumor immunotherapy has attracted widespread attention due to its deep penetration as well as its non-invasive and non-ionizing radiation properties. In this review, we briefly elucidated the mechanisms of anti-tumor immunotherapy assisted by the US. The contents include the following: the mechanical effects, thermal effects, and cavitation effects of US, sonodynamic therapy, US combined with programmed cell death protein 1 / programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 antibodies, US-enhanced chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy, cell pyroptosis and US, US combined with radiotherapy, US combined with glycolysis inhibition, and the use of various US-modulated signaling pathways to enhance tumor immunity. This review provides a broad overview of the mechanisms and roles of US assistance in tumor immunotherapy.