Ocular manifestations of various systemic diseases.

Renal failure in association with uveitis should raise the possibility of sarcoidosis even with a normal chest radiograph. Diode laser photocoagulation using the indirect ophthalmoscope delivery system is shown to be safe in the therapy of eyes with threshold retinopathy of prematurity and especially in eyes with tunica vasculosa lentis and is safer than argon laser, which is known to cause cataract formation. Eyes with retinopathy of prematurity stage 5 remain with a flat electroretinogram despite surgical reattachment, implying the existence of a severe irreversible dysfunction in these retinas. Choroidal metastases from prostate carcinoma can resolve after total androgen deprivation. Optic nerve metastases respond poorly to the radiation dose usually given for choroidal metastases and therefore require a higher dosage of radiation.