Analysis of sentinel lymph node positivity in patients with thin primary melanoma.

BACKGROUND

A minority of patients with T1 melanoma will have a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (SLNB) finding. Identifying who will develop metastatic disease is important in determining prognosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to identify clinical and histologic features predictive of a positive SLNB result and determine its prognostic significance in patients with T1 melanoma.

METHODS

Clinical and histologic parameters were evaluated in 484 patients with T1 melanoma for their ability to predict a positive SLNB result. The impact of various factors on SLN positivity was evaluated. SLN status was examined as a predictor of overall survival.

RESULTS

In all, 34 patients had a positive SLNB finding. Four factors predicted a higher risk of SLN positivity: age 43 years or younger, Breslow depth 0.8 mm or greater, tumors on the lower extremity and trunk, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte level. By multivariate analysis, low tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (P = .0015) and decreasing age (P = .0058) independently predicted SLN positivity. If 0 to 2 of these factors were present, the rate of a positive SLNB result was 3%; this increased to 15% with 3 factors present and to 30% if all 4 factors were present (P < .002). SLN-positive patients had significantly decreased survival (P = .003), and SLN status was the most powerful predictor of survival (P = .009).

LIMITATIONS: Our data analysis includes patients from 1994 to 2007 and therefore information on mitotic rate, a recently defined T1b criterion, is not recorded for all patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Combining clinical and histologic prognostic factors may help identify subgroups of T1 patients at higher risk of SLN positivity. SLN status has significant prognostic impact in patients with thin melanomas.