European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025
Association of triglyceride-glucose index with anxiety in first-episode, drug-naïve major depressive disorder: role of subclinical hypothyroidism.
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Tian Xue, Zhou Yan, Qiu Yuying, Li Meijuan, Li Jie, Zhang Xiang-Yang
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, linked to insulin resistance (IR), is implicated in depression, but its association with anxiety in major depressive disorder (MDD) is unclear. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is independently associated with metabolic issues and anxiety in MDD. This study aimed to (1) validate the TyG-anxiety link in first-episode, drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD patients and (2) explore SCH's interactive role.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 1,654 FEDN MDD patients. Demographics, clinical data, and biochemical markers (including the TyG index) were collected. Depression and anxiety severity were assessed using HAMD-17 and HAMA-14 scales. Multivariable linear regression evaluated the TyG-anxiety association. Stratified analyses by SCH status and interaction tests were conducted.
RESULTS: Of 1,654 MDD patients, 79.6% (1,316) had anxiety distress (HAMA-14 ≥ 18). In a fully adjusted model, each 1-unit TyG index increase was associated with a 0.67-point higher anxiety score (β = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.33-1.01). Patients in the highest TyG quintile (Q5: 9.42-10.27) showed a 0.75-point increase versus the lowest quintile (Q1: 6.64-8.59) (P < 0.05). This association was significant in patients with SCH (β = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.68-1.61), not in those without SCH (β = 0.05, 95% CI: -0.44-0.53) (P for interaction<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The TyG index is independently associated with anxiety symptoms in FEDN MDD patients, particularly in those with comorbid SCH. This suggests that the interaction between thyroid function and metabolism is associated with anxiety symptoms, highlighting a potential biological interplay that warrants further investigation. Clinicians should pay attention to anxiety levels in patients with MDD who also present with metabolic disturbances and SCH. Future longitudinal and basic studies are needed to confirm causality and mechanisms.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 1,654 FEDN MDD patients. Demographics, clinical data, and biochemical markers (including the TyG index) were collected. Depression and anxiety severity were assessed using HAMD-17 and HAMA-14 scales. Multivariable linear regression evaluated the TyG-anxiety association. Stratified analyses by SCH status and interaction tests were conducted.
RESULTS: Of 1,654 MDD patients, 79.6% (1,316) had anxiety distress (HAMA-14 ≥ 18). In a fully adjusted model, each 1-unit TyG index increase was associated with a 0.67-point higher anxiety score (β = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.33-1.01). Patients in the highest TyG quintile (Q5: 9.42-10.27) showed a 0.75-point increase versus the lowest quintile (Q1: 6.64-8.59) (P < 0.05). This association was significant in patients with SCH (β = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.68-1.61), not in those without SCH (β = 0.05, 95% CI: -0.44-0.53) (P for interaction<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The TyG index is independently associated with anxiety symptoms in FEDN MDD patients, particularly in those with comorbid SCH. This suggests that the interaction between thyroid function and metabolism is associated with anxiety symptoms, highlighting a potential biological interplay that warrants further investigation. Clinicians should pay attention to anxiety levels in patients with MDD who also present with metabolic disturbances and SCH. Future longitudinal and basic studies are needed to confirm causality and mechanisms.