Burden of mesothelioma in the Middle East and North Africa: a 32-year analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021.

BACKGROUND

Mesothelioma, a cancer primarily caused by asbestos exposure, has been increasing in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), raising concerns about the region's occupational and environmental health landscape. With varying Sociodemographic Index (SDI) and differing asbestos regulations across MENA, understanding mesothelioma trends over time is crucial.

METHODS

Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021, we analyzed mesothelioma incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in MENA from 1990 to 2021. Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), mortality rate (ASMR), and disability rate (ASDR) were assessed by age, sex, and country. Trend analyses were conducted using joinpoint regression to identify significant shifts in disease burden over the study period.

RESULTS

Between 1990 and 2021, mesothelioma cases rose from 597 to 1365, with ASIR declining at an average annual percent change (AAPC) of -0.49% (P < 0.001). Countries like Oman and Saudi Arabia exhibited rising burdens, while the United Arab Emirates and Turkey saw declines. Males and older age groups had higher ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR rates, indicating gender- and age-based disparities.

CONCLUSION

While the mesothelioma burden in MENA has declined overall, significant increases in certain countries highlight the need for uniform asbestos regulations and targeted health interventions, especially among high-risk demographics. Further research on occupational exposure and Sociodemographic Index (SDI) improvements could help reduce mesothelioma rates across the region.