Genetic substrates and emerging biomarkers in cardiovascular medicine.

Cardiovascular medicine continues to move towards mechanistically informed, individualised patient care, supported by refined genetic, biochemical, and imaging tools. The studies featured in this issue of Acta Cardiologica span the genetic basis of accessory pathway formation, biomarker-guided risk stratification in infective endocarditis, the substrate and predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence, the valvular-right ventricular interplay in mitral stenosis, cardiovascular safety in surrogate pregnancy, age-related differences in acute myocardial infarction, nutritional-inflammatory risk stratification in coronary intervention, and inflammation-driven sarcopenia in heart failure. Collectively, they illustrate how integrating molecular, biochemical, and structural data continues to refine diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making across the cardiovascular spectrum.