Annals of African medicine · 2026
Association of Serum Leptin with Insulin Resistance in Obese and Nonobese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-control Study from Eastern India.
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Singh Dhirendra Kumar, Kumar Sanjeev, Prabhakar Pankaj, Choudhary Manoj Kumar, Kumar Naresh, Keshari Jiut Ram
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that regulates energy balance, appetite, and glucose metabolism. Its association with insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains incompletely understood, particularly across obese and nonobese phenotypes.
AIM: This study designed to assess the association between serum leptin levels and IR in obese and nonobese patients with T2DM compared with healthy individuals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on 175 participants. A total 100 patients diagnosed with T2DM (case) and 75 healthy individuals (control) were recruited in the study. T2DM group was divided into obese T2DM and nonobese T2DM for further analysis. Demographic and biochemical assessment was done. Further, fasting serum insulin and serum leptin levels were also measured.
RESULTS: Patients with T2DM exhibited significantly higher fasting plasma glucose, postprandial blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, serum leptin, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) levels compared to controls. Obese individuals with T2DM showed significantly elevated body mass index (BMI), glycemic indices, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and leptin levels compared with controls. In contrast, nonobese T2DM patients had significantly lower BMI, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and leptin levels than obese T2DM patients. A significant positive correlation was observed between serum leptin and HOMA-IR in obese T2DM patients, whereas no significant association was found in nonobese patients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated the clinical potential of leptin in predicting IR.
CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated the clinical utility of serum leptin against IR in obese patients with T2DM but not in nonobese individuals, which suggested its potential utility as a metabolic risk biomarker.
AIM: This study designed to assess the association between serum leptin levels and IR in obese and nonobese patients with T2DM compared with healthy individuals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on 175 participants. A total 100 patients diagnosed with T2DM (case) and 75 healthy individuals (control) were recruited in the study. T2DM group was divided into obese T2DM and nonobese T2DM for further analysis. Demographic and biochemical assessment was done. Further, fasting serum insulin and serum leptin levels were also measured.
RESULTS: Patients with T2DM exhibited significantly higher fasting plasma glucose, postprandial blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, serum leptin, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) levels compared to controls. Obese individuals with T2DM showed significantly elevated body mass index (BMI), glycemic indices, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and leptin levels compared with controls. In contrast, nonobese T2DM patients had significantly lower BMI, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and leptin levels than obese T2DM patients. A significant positive correlation was observed between serum leptin and HOMA-IR in obese T2DM patients, whereas no significant association was found in nonobese patients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated the clinical potential of leptin in predicting IR.
CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated the clinical utility of serum leptin against IR in obese patients with T2DM but not in nonobese individuals, which suggested its potential utility as a metabolic risk biomarker.