Real-time photoelectric sensing of edaravone for therapeutic efficacy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) requires precise therapeutic monitoring of Edaravone, but current methods lack real-time capability. Herein, we developed a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor using a Bi4Ti3O12/BiOBr heterojunction for ultrasensitive Edaravone detection. The heterojunction interface enables Type II band alignment, facilitating efficient charge separation through electron transfer from BiOBr conduction band to Bi4Ti3O12 and hole migration in reverse, synergistically suppressing recombination. XRD, XPS, and HRTEM confirm the composite's crystal structure and intimate interface. UV-Vis DRS shows redshifted absorption (470 nm) with enhanced visible-light utilization, while PL quenching verifies improved charge dynamics. Under optimized conditions (0.4 V, pH = 7), the sensor exhibits linear response (0.1-10 μM) with 0.031 μM detection limit, high stability (92 % retention over 1500 s), and reproducibility (RSD 2.8 %). DFT calculations reveal modified interfacial charge distribution and narrowed bandgap (2.197 eV), enhancing optical absorption and conductivity. While machine learning analysis of ALS clinical trial data identifies Edaravone's superior efficacy (ALSFRS-R decline -5.04 ± 1.27) and patient subgroup responsiveness, enabling personalized therapeutic prediction. This novel integrated platform bridges material engineering, real-time sensing, and data analytics for ALS precision medicine.