Potential of Native Brazilian Fruits in Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: A Focused Review.

Chronic non-communicable diseases are closely linked to low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. Native Brazilian fruits, rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and carotenoids, have recognized antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Mechanisms of action included inhibition of NF-κB signaling, downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulation of oxidative biomarkers, and improvement of metabolic parameters. Several studies demonstrate protective effects against insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, cardiovascular alterations, and neuroinflammation, alongside modulation of gut microbiota. Most evidence is from animal or cell models, with scarce clinical trials, limiting translational applicability. Overall, native Brazilian fruits represent promising dietary sources of bioactive compounds that may contribute to the modulation of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Challenges include variability in phytochemical content due to species, maturity, processing, a lack of standardized extraction and dosage protocols, and limited bioavailability data. Although preclinical findings are robust, further controlled human trials are necessary to confirm their efficacy and clarify their role in the clinical management of inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.