Association of Systemic Pathologies on Dental, Periodontal and Orthodontic Status in Children.

Background/

Objectives

This retrospective observational study evaluated associations among dentition type, age, systemic conditions, and oral pathology in pediatric patients.

Methods

A six-month retrospective analysis was conducted in a specialized pediatric hospital. Patients (n = 155; 0-18 years) were grouped as clinically healthy with oro-maxillofacial diseases or with systemic diseases. Data included dental/periodontal status, anomalies, gingival bleeding index, IOTN score and oral mucosal conditions. Statistical tests (chi-square, ANOVA, and correlations) were applied.

Results

Chronic gingivitis was most frequently associated with primary dentition. Caries and root debris were more frequent in ages 4-6, while acute gingivitis appeared in younger children. Orthodontic treatment need increased with age, especially in mixed dentition. Periodontal diseases were most often linked to digestive pathologies.

Conclusions

Oral health in children showed associations with age, dentition type, and systemic conditions. Findings highlight associations rather than causation, underscoring the importance of prevention, early monitoring, and age-appropriate interdisciplinary management.