The history of neonatal intubation.

Interest in 'resurrecting' the lifeless by supporting breathing has been described since ancient times. For centuries, methods of resuscitating animals, then humans and specifically the 'lifeless' neonate were debated and discussed. Over time, with experimentation and worldwide collaboration, endotracheal tubes and laryngoscopes specific to the newborn were created and their use refined. This historical work has meant that today, the neonatal community focuses on refining the science and the art of intubation for the benefit of the newborn; who, where, when and how to intubate, with what devices and medications, bringing about significant change in the area of neonatal intubation. Recent work has focused on alternatives to neonatal intubation as the risks of endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation have become clearer. Appreciating the history of neonatal intubation and its (somewhat cyclical) changes over time can show us how far we've come and how far we can still go in the resuscitation and respiratory support of newborns.