Temporal Trends in Handgrip Strength and Associated Factors among Korean Adults from 2014 to 2019: Analysis of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data.

BACKGROUND

This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze temporal trends in handgrip strength (HGS) from 2014 to 2019 and explore potential contributors to such trends among Korean adults.

METHODS

This study analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014-2019, among Korean adults aged ≥ 20 years (n = 20,038). Employing multiple linear regression models, we examined the influence of nutritional quality (mean nutrient adequacy ratio [MAR]), physical activity levels (metabolic equivalent of task [MET]), depressive symptoms, and sociodemographic factors on HGS. Higher MAR and MET values indicate better nutritional quality and greater physical activity, respectively. Temporal trends in HGS were also examined over the study period.

RESULTS

A significant decline in HGS was observed over the study period, with a mean decrease of 2.28 kg (p < 0.001). This decline was paralleled by significant reductions in both physical activity (p for linear trend < 0.001) and nutritional quality (p for linear trend < 0.001). Specifically, MET values showed a notable decline, reflecting decreased engagement in both moderate and vigorous physical activities (p for linear trend < 0.001). Concurrently, a decline in MAR underscored a deterioration in dietary quality (p for linear trend < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

This study identified a significant decline in HGS among Korean adults between 2014 and 2019, in parallel with reductions in physical activity and nutritional quality. Efforts to reverse these trends are required for preserving functional health at the population level. Continuous monitoring of HGS trends might support the assessment of national health status.