Georgian medical news · 2025
PEPTIDYLARGININE DEIMINASE 4 AND FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM: A HIDDEN ALLIANCE IN PERIODONTAL DISEASE PROGRESSION.
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Abdul-Hussien M, Abdul-Wah G
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nuclatum) has been recognized as a bridging pathogen within subgingival biofilms, in the same arrow, Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 4 (PAD4), a host protein responsible for histone citrullination, confers to the neutrophil extracellular traps formation and subsequent tissue damage. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the association of PAD4 activity and F. nucleatum prevalence in patients; with periodontal disease and evaluate their diagnostic potential role in disease progression.
METHODS: Ninety participants aged from (25-55) years were categorized equally into 3 groups: (Group I) healthy controls, (Group II) patients with gingivitis, and (Group III) patients with severe periodontitis /stage III. Clinical periodontal parameters plaque index (PLI); gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP); probing pocket depth (PPD); clinical attachment loss (CAL) was recorded. Unstimulated saliva analyzed for PAD4 level using ELISA, and subgingival plaque was examined for F. nucleatum prevalence using qPCR. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman's correlation, and ROC curves.
RESULTS: Patients with severe periodontitis demonstrated markedly elevated salivary PAD4 levels compared with patients with gingivitis and controls (P<0.001). There was no interconnection between PAD4 and clinical parameters. On another hand, F. nucleatum counts were significantly higher in diseased groups than controls (P<0.001), demonstrating highly significant correlations with clinical periodontal parameters especially in severe periodontitis patients. ROC curve analysis revealed excellent diagnostic accuracy for PAD4 (AUC=0.98) and F. nucleatum (AUC=1.00) in discriminating between health and disease, confirming their value as reliable biomarkers for periodontal disease.
CONCLUSION: PAD4 overexpression together with the increased prevalence of F. nucleatum possibly crucial in the development and progression of periodontal diseases. They can act as reliable biomarkers for periodontal inflammation. Screening salivary PAD4 levels and F. nucleatum counts may facilitate early recognization of patients susceptible for periodontal disease, providing a basis for timely intervention and more precise disease monitoring.
METHODS: Ninety participants aged from (25-55) years were categorized equally into 3 groups: (Group I) healthy controls, (Group II) patients with gingivitis, and (Group III) patients with severe periodontitis /stage III. Clinical periodontal parameters plaque index (PLI); gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP); probing pocket depth (PPD); clinical attachment loss (CAL) was recorded. Unstimulated saliva analyzed for PAD4 level using ELISA, and subgingival plaque was examined for F. nucleatum prevalence using qPCR. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman's correlation, and ROC curves.
RESULTS: Patients with severe periodontitis demonstrated markedly elevated salivary PAD4 levels compared with patients with gingivitis and controls (P<0.001). There was no interconnection between PAD4 and clinical parameters. On another hand, F. nucleatum counts were significantly higher in diseased groups than controls (P<0.001), demonstrating highly significant correlations with clinical periodontal parameters especially in severe periodontitis patients. ROC curve analysis revealed excellent diagnostic accuracy for PAD4 (AUC=0.98) and F. nucleatum (AUC=1.00) in discriminating between health and disease, confirming their value as reliable biomarkers for periodontal disease.
CONCLUSION: PAD4 overexpression together with the increased prevalence of F. nucleatum possibly crucial in the development and progression of periodontal diseases. They can act as reliable biomarkers for periodontal inflammation. Screening salivary PAD4 levels and F. nucleatum counts may facilitate early recognization of patients susceptible for periodontal disease, providing a basis for timely intervention and more precise disease monitoring.