Beyond the biofilm: KLF2 as a molecular gatekeeper in periodontal health and disease.

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition resulting from complex interactions between microbial dysbiosis and host immune responses, leading to progressive destruction of the periodontium. Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), a zinc-finger transcription factor, has emerged as a key regulator of immune modulation and tissue homeostasis. KLF2 orchestrates anti-inflammatory pathways, controls immune cell activation, and influences periodontal tissue integrity. Dysregulation of KLF2 is implicated in enhanced inflammation and periodontal tissue breakdown. This review summarizes the molecular biology of KLF2, its role in immune regulation, and its emerging significance in periodontal health and disease. We also discuss potential therapeutic applications targeting KLF2 pathways for improved periodontal disease management.